![]() ![]() It should be noted that some viruses use RNA (rather than DNA) to carry the genetic information. In other words, RNA converts the instructional genetic information stored in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into proteins. ![]() The chief function of RNA is cellular protein synthesis. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is an essential biological macromolecule (specifically, a nucleic acid) that is present in all living cells. One of the two major classes of nucleic acids, mainly involved in translating the genetic information carried in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into proteins. For example, in the case of mRNA, RNA editing results in codon substitutions that change the final protein sequence and that may also create new translation initiation and termination signals. RNA editing describes several different posttranscriptional processes that alter the nucleotide sequence of a mature RNA species compared to that of the gene that encodes it. The nucleotide sequence of RNA is encoded in genes in the DNA, and it is transcribed from the DNA by a complementary templating mechanism that is catalyzed by one of the RNA polymerase enzymes. The four bases are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U). Each nucleotide is composed of three parts: a five-carbon sugar known as ribose a phosphate group and one of four bases attached to each ribose. Structurally, RNA is a linear polymer of four different nucleotides. ![]() Other types of RNA are also involved, including small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). Various types of RNAs function in protein synthesis, including transfer RNAs (tRNAs), ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). However, some viruses use RNA (rather than DNA) to carry the genetic information. ![]() RNA converts the instructional genetic information stored in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into proteins. The main function of RNA is cellular protein synthesis. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is one of the two major classes of nucleic acids. ![]()
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